Located within the borders of Dilekkaya Village of Adana's Kozan district, Anavarza Ancient City is one of the most impressive archaeological sites in the Mediterranean, bearing the traces of history for thousands of years. This ancient city, which has been home to numerous civilisations from Rome to Byzantium, from the Armenian Kingdom to the Arabs, is a favourite among history lovers due to its massive walls, unique mosaics, rich stories, and mystical atmosphere. Visiting Anavarza is like touching not only the stones but time itself.
Anavarza Ancient City Guide: Discover the Roman Legacy in Adana’s Hidden Historical Site
0
History of Anavarza: A City at the Crossroads of Empires
Anavarza became an important city during the Roman Empire in the 1st century AD. However, the history of this land goes back much further. It is thought that the name of the city comes from the Persian origin “Naparza” and it was called Caesarea ad Anazarbus during the Roman period. It was used as a military and administrative centre, especially during the Roman and Byzantine periods, and briefly served as the capital of the Armenian Kingdom.
Following the accession of Emperor Septimius Severus to the throne, Anavarza experienced its golden age in 198 by taking the title of 'Imperial City'. The structures built and the walls expanded during this period reveal the greatness of the city.
Cultural and Mythological Importance
In ancient times, Anavarza was not only a military and commercial centre, but also a centre of cultural and artistic activities. In the city where mosaic art developed, social structures such as theatres, baths and stadiums are quite impressive.
Various legends about the city have also survived among the people. One of them is about Heracles' (Hercules) struggle with a giant snake near Anavarza. Moreover, one of the famous mosaics exhibited in the Zeugma Mosaic Museum, 'Aphrodite of Anavarza', proves that Anavarza has mythological references.
Historical Structures to See in the Ancient City of Anavarza
Anavarza is one of the rare cities where many ancient buildings have survived to the present day. The structures you will encounter from the entrance of the city will take you on a journey through time:
Arch of Triumph: With its 22-meter height, this monumental entrance gate, which has become the symbol of Anavarza, offers an impressive view with its three-arched structure. It reflects the elegance of Roman architecture.
Amphitheatre: Thought to have a capacity of 25,000 people, the structure reveals the social life and entertainment concept of that period.
Baths and Mosaics: The ruins of the city's baths and the floor mosaics inside are very well preserved. The mosaics show scenes from the mythological and daily life of the period.
Stadium: The city's 200-meter-long stadium, which was used for sports competitions and shows, also attracts attention.
Anavarza Castle: Built on a rocky hill north of the city, the castle bears traces of the Roman, Byzantine and Armenian periods. It is possible to watch the Anavarza Plain from a bird's eye view from the castle.
Walls and Aqueducts: The 4.5-kilometre city walls form an impressive defence line surrounding the city. At the same time, there are also remains of aqueducts carrying water to the city.
How to get to Anavarza?
Anavarza Ancient City is approximately 70 kilometres from Adana city centre and 30 kilometres from Kozan district centre. There are several alternatives for transportation:
It is possible to reach Dilekkaya Village by following the Adana-Kozan route by private car. The road is in very good condition and the signs are sufficient for orientation.
Those who want to reach by public transportation can use the minibuses from Adana to Kozan, then take a taxi or village minibuses to Anavarza.
Entrance Fee and Visit Information
Anavarza Ancient City is an archaeological site that can be visited free of charge as of 2025. It does not require a Museum Card. However, during the excavation period, some areas may be temporarily restricted.
There are no official restrictions on visiting hours, but it is recommended to visit between sunrise and sunset. Early hours should be preferred as the temperature can be quite high during the summer months.
Other Places to Visit Nearby
Visitors to Anavarza should definitely take a look at other historical and natural sites in the vicinity:
Kozan Castle: Located in Kozan district centre, this castle, like Anavarza, was an important defence point during the Armenian Kingdom.
Snake Castle: Located near Ceyhan, this castle dates back to the Crusades and is one of the most mystical structures in the area.
Ayaş Ancient City (Misis Mosaic Museum): Located in the village of Misis, this museum and ancient settlement is perfect for mosaic lovers.
Adana Taşköprü and Büyük Saat: While you are in Anavarza, you can also see these historical buildings in Adana's city centre.
Anavarza Excavations and Archaeological Developments
In recent years, excavations carried out in cooperation with Çukurova University, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and various archaeological institutes have further uncovered the mystery of Anavarza. Especially in the excavations carried out after 2020, mosaic floors, sarcophagi and new structures were uncovered. Archaeologists state that Anavarza will become one of the largest archaeological sites in Turkey.
The Ancient City of Anavarza is not just a historical site; it is also the traces of a habitat, the meeting point of many civilisations and a treasure trove whose mystery is still unsolved. This unique destination offers an unforgettable experience for history lovers, nature travellers and culture enthusiasts.
If you are ever in Adana, add Anavarza to your itinerary. Because this land is still waiting for you to hear the whispers of the past in the silence of today.