History and Architecture
Built by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in the 6th century, the Basilica Cistern is the largest and most impressive underground cistern in Istanbul. With an area of approximately 9,800 square meters, the cistern can store approximately 80,000 tons of water and was designed to meet the city's water needs. Located under the former Byzantine Palace, the cistern is supported by 336 marble columns and is about 9 meters high.
The columns used in the construction of the cistern were brought from different periods and structures, reflecting different architectural styles. The enchanting atmosphere of the cistern is accompanied by lighting and columns reflected on the water surface.
Legends and Mythological Elements
The first thing that comes to mind when you think of the Basilica Cistern is the two gigantic heads of Medusa in the northwest corner of the cistern. Medusa is depicted as a frightening creature in Greek mythology and her gaze turns people to stone. However, it is not known for certain why these two Medusa heads were placed upside down and sideways. Some sources suggest that they were positioned this way to ward off evil spirits, while others state that they are recycled parts of the supporting blocks.