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Explore Cyzicus Ancient City: A Hidden Archaeological Gem in Turkey

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Ömer Faruk Kino
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Located on the southern coast of the Marmara Sea, near the Erdek district of today's Balıkesir province, Cyzicus Ancient City is a mysterious and fascinating ancient heritage that history lovers must see. Although it may sound like an unknown place when you hear its name, Cyzicus, which was so important that it was the capital of the province of Asia during the Roman Empire, reveals the splendour of the Hellenistic and Roman ages.

With its historical riches, mythological stories, ruins and its location intertwined with nature, the ancient city of Cyzicus quietly carries the traces of the past to the present. In this guide, we have gathered details that will be useful for anyone who intends to explore Cyzicus.

History and Foundation of Cyzicus

History and Foundation of Cyzicus Görseli

Cyzicus was an island on the Kapıdağ Peninsula in ancient times, but in time it was connected to the mainland by an isthmus and became a peninsula. It is thought that the city was founded by Miletus colonists in the 8th century BC. However, some sources suggest that local people lived here before that.

The city, which had bright periods especially under Persian, then Hellenistic and finally Roman rule, was enriched thanks to its location on trade routes and was adorned with magnificent buildings and public spaces. Although Cyzicus maintained its importance until the 4th century A.D., it was abandoned in time as a result of earthquakes and Arab raids during the Byzantine period.

Mythological Connections and Legends

Mythological Connections and Legends Görseli

The name of Cyzicus is home to an interesting mythological story. According to the legend, when the Argonauts came to these shores in search of the golden fleece, Cyzicus, the king of the city, welcomed Jason and his friends in a friendly manner. However, as a result of a misunderstanding after dark, when the Argonauts returned, they mistook the king for an enemy and killed him. In the morning it is realised that it was all a misunderstanding and a great mourning is held for King Cyzicus.

This dramatic story reinforces the mythological identity of the city and offers a powerful narrative that makes visitors feel the tragic atmosphere of the ancient world.

The Prominent Buildings and Ruins of the City

Today, the ruins of the ancient city of Cyzicus are spread over a large area and unfortunately most of them are still under the ground. However, even the visible ruins clearly show how magnificent the city once was.

One of the most remarkable ruins is the Roman Cyzicus Amphitheatre. According to ancient sources, this theatre was one of the largest of its time with a capacity of 40,000 people. Although only some foundation stones and seating rows are visible today, the structure is quite impressive.

The ruins of Hadrian's Temple are also located in the city. This temple was dedicated to the emperor Hadrian and was decorated with large marble columns and carved reliefs.

It is also possible to find traces of aqueducts, agora, cisterns and city walls in Cyzicus. Especially some mosaic remains are of great importance in terms of art history.

Source: Turkish Archaeological News

Cultural and Archaeological Importance

Cyzicus is one of the most mysterious centres of Anatolian archaeology. The fact that not enough excavations have been carried out causes the city to maintain its mystery, while at the same time it means a great potential for archaeologists. The city is extremely valuable both for providing information about the classical period of Western Anatolia and for bearing traces of Roman urbanism.

Cyzicus is also known for the coins it minted in antiquity. These coins are very valuable in the numismatic world with their high artistic workmanship and fine details.

How to get to Cyzicus?

It is very easy to reach the ancient city of Cyzicus. Located within the borders of the Belkıs Neighbourhood of Erdek district of Balıkesir province, this ancient city is only 10 kilometres away from the Erdek district centre. Although road signs are limited for those arriving by private car, they can be easily found with the help of navigation.

For those who want to reach by public transport, there are regular minibus services from Bandırma to Erdek. After reaching Erdek, it is also possible to reach the region by taxi or on foot.

The Best Time to Visit

Since Cyzicus is an open-air archaeological site, the spring and summer months are the most ideal periods. Especially between May and September, a discovery can be made in touch with nature. In the heat of summer, the walking paths can be a bit challenging; therefore, it is recommended to visit in the morning or evening hours.

Entrance Fee and Visit Information

Since the Ancient City of Cyzicus is not yet a full-fledged archaeological site, there is no entrance fee. There are also no official visiting hours or a toll entry point. This means that the site is mostly explored on your own.

However, since the structures are unprotected, it is very important to approach the area with respect and not to damage the historical artefacts.

Other Places to Visit Nearby

Having visited Cyzicus, it is impossible to return without seeing other beauties in the surrounding area:

  • Erdek Beaches are a perfect stop for those who want to cool off on hot summer days.

  • The natural hiking routes and olive groves on the Kapıdağ Peninsula offer a peaceful break.

  • The surrounding countryside where the Temple of Hadrian in Kyzikos is located is suitable for hiking.

  • The Archaeological Museum in Bandirma is a good opportunity to see artefacts recovered from Cyzicus.

Notes for Photography Enthusiasts

Cyzicus offers unique shots thanks to its ruins and its location integrated with nature. Especially at sunset, the light filtering through the ancient stones creates the ideal atmosphere for postcard-perfect photographs.

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