Exploring Erzurum: A Comprehensive Travel Guide

Nagihan Melike Demircioglu
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Located in the Eastern Anatolia region of Turkey, Erzurum is a city that is steeped in history and culture. With its stunning landscapes, ancient monuments, and unique natural wonders, Erzurum offers visitors a truly unforgettable travel experience. Whether you are interested in exploring the city's rich history and architecture, or you want to immerse yourself in the region's stunning natural beauty, Erzurum has something for everyone. From the impressive medieval fortress of Erzurum Castle to the stunning Narman Fairy Chimneys, Erzurum is a destination that will leave you awestruck. So pack your bags and get ready to discover the beauty and culture of this enchanting city.

Palandöken Ski Resort

Palandöken Ski Resort is a premier skiing destination located in Erzurum, Turkey. The resort is situated on Mount Palandöken, which stands at an elevation of 3,176 meters, making it one of the highest peaks in the country. With a total of 28 ski runs, the resort offers a wide range of skiing and snowboarding experiences for both beginners and advanced skiers. The ski season at Palandöken typically runs from December to April, with the best snow conditions occurring in January and February.

One of the standout features of Palandöken Ski Resort is its long runs, including one that is over 12 kilometers long, providing an exhilarating experience for skiers looking for a challenge. The resort also features modern amenities such as gondolas, chairlifts, and ski lifts, making it easy for visitors to access the slopes. In addition to skiing and snowboarding, the resort offers other winter activities such as ice skating, snowmobiling, and snowshoeing, as well as a range of après-ski options including restaurants, cafes, and bars. With its breathtaking scenery and world-class facilities, Palandöken Ski Resort is a must-visit destination for any winter sports enthusiast.

Mecidiye Bastion

Mecidiye Bastion is a historical fortress located in Erzurum. It was built during the Ottoman Empire in the mid-19th century, specifically between 1847 and 1856, under the reign of Sultan Abdulmejid I. The fortress was constructed as a part of the city's fortification system and was named after the Sultan who ordered its construction, Sultan Abdulmejid I, whose full name was Mehmed Mecid. The Mecidiye Bastion is located in the southeastern part of the city and is situated on a hill overlooking the city, providing a strategic location for defense against any potential invaders.

The fortress is a prime example of Ottoman military architecture and is built primarily of stone and brick. The walls of the fortress are over 10 meters high and up to 3 meters thick, providing a formidable defense against any enemy attacks. The fortress consists of several parts, including a gate, barracks, warehouses, ammunition depots, and a mosque. Today, the Mecidiye Bastion is open to the public as a museum, providing visitors with a glimpse into the military history of Erzurum and the Ottoman Empire. It is also a popular tourist destination for those interested in history and architecture.

Tortum Waterfalls

Tortum Waterfalls is a natural wonder located in Erzurum. The falls are formed by the Tortum River, which originates in the nearby mountains and cascades down a series of rocky cliffs. The waterfall is approximately 48 meters tall and 20 meters wide, making it one of the largest in Turkey. The roaring sound of the water and the mist created by the falls make for a truly breathtaking experience. Visitors can enjoy the view of the waterfall from a specially built observation deck or take a boat tour to see the falls up close.

The surrounding area is also worth exploring, with lush green forests, colorful wildflowers, and various wildlife species. Visitors can take a hike through the nearby mountains, explore the nearby Tortum Lake, or visit the historic Tortum Castle, which dates back to the Ottoman Empire. The area is also known for its delicious local cuisine, featuring dishes such as grilled trout and lamb kebab. Whether you're a nature enthusiast or simply looking for a relaxing getaway, Tortum Waterfalls is a must-visit destination in Erzurum.

Yakutiye Medrese

Yakutiye Medrese is an impressive historical structure built during the 14th century by the Ilkhanate ruler Oljaytu, and it was originally intended to serve as a religious school for students who wanted to learn about Islamic theology and law. The medrese was named after the famous Islamic scholar and writer Yakut Al-Musta'simi, who had a significant impact on the Islamic world during the 13th century. The architecture of the building reflects the Seljuk and Ilkhanid styles, and it features intricate carvings, decorative tiles, and ornate calligraphy.

Yakutiye Medrese was not only a place of religious education but also a cultural center where many notable scholars, poets, and artists gathered to exchange ideas and develop their skills. The medrese had a library that housed rare and valuable manuscripts, and it served as a meeting place for the local intellectual community. The building underwent several renovations throughout its history, and it was used for various purposes over the centuries, including a prison and a courthouse. Today, Yakutiye Medrese is a popular tourist attraction and a symbol of Erzurum's rich cultural heritage.

Clock Tower

Located in the heart of Erzurum's historic district, the Clock Tower is a testament to the city's rich cultural heritage and architectural style. The tower stands at a height of 35 meters and is made entirely of cut stones. It was built in 1881 during the Ottoman Empire and was designed by a local architect named Hasan Efendi. The Clock Tower was originally used to keep time for the city and to serve as a prominent landmark that could be seen from a distance. Today, it remains a popular tourist attraction that draws visitors from all over the world.

One of the unique features of the Clock Tower is its octagonal shape, which is uncommon for clock towers. Each side of the tower is adorned with ornate decorations and patterns, showcasing the intricate craftsmanship of the builders. The tower is topped with a pointed dome that is decorated with tiles in blue and green hues. The clock face itself is located on the top floor and is visible from all sides of the tower. The Clock Tower  is not only a functional timepiece but also a work of art that represents Erzurum's rich history and culture.

Rainbow Hills

Rainbow Hills is a natural wonder located in Erzurum. The hills are characterized by their colorful stripes, which are the result of geological formations dating back millions of years. The rocks in the area are composed of various minerals, such as iron oxide and calcium carbonate, which give rise to the vibrant colors visible in the hills. These colors range from deep reds and oranges to vibrant greens and blues, creating a spectacular sight that is truly awe-inspiring.

Apart from their visual appeal, the Erzurum Rainbow Hills also have cultural significance for the local people. The hills have been a source of inspiration for many traditional folk tales, and they have been regarded as sacred by the people of the region for centuries. Visitors to the area can take a guided tour of the hills, learn about the geological processes that created this unique landscape, and explore the local cultural heritage. Overall, the Erzurum Rainbow Hills are a must-see destination for anyone visiting Turkey, offering a truly unforgettable experience that combines natural beauty with cultural significance.

Öşvank Church

Öşvank Church is a medieval   church located in the city of Erzurum in Turkey. It was built in the 9th century AD by the Bagratid dynasty. The church is located in a remote mountainous area, surrounded by stunning natural scenery. It is made of local volcanic stones and has a unique architectural style. The church features intricate stone carvings, beautiful frescoes, and a dome that is supported by four pillars. The exterior of the church is also decorated with ornate reliefs and sculptures.

Despite being abandoned for centuries and subjected to harsh weather conditions, Öşvank Church has survived remarkably well. It is now a popular tourist attraction and a symbol of the region's rich cultural heritage. The church has undergone extensive restoration work in recent years, and visitors can now admire its intricate details and learn about its fascinating history.

Erzurum Castle

Erzurum Castle, is a large fortress located in the eastern Turkish city of Erzurum. The castle dates back to the Byzantine period, with the earliest fortifications built in the 5th century AD. Over the centuries, it has been expanded and renovated by various rulers, including the Seljuks, the Mongols, and the Ottomans. The castle was a strategic stronghold on the Silk Road, which connected Asia and Europe, and played an important role in the defense of the region against invasions.

The castle is situated on a hill overlooking the city of Erzurum and is surrounded by thick walls and towers. The fortress contains a number of structures, including a mosque, a prison, a treasury, and a stable. The most notable feature of the castle is its massive keep, which rises to a height of 30 meters and has walls that are up to 5 meters thick. Today, Erzurum Castle is a popular tourist attraction, and visitors can explore the fortress and learn about its history and significance in the region.

Çifte Minareli Medrese

Erzurum Çifte Minareli Medrese is a historical Islamic school located in Erzurum. It was built in the 13th century during the reign of the Seljuk Sultan Alaeddin Keykubad I. The name 'Çifte Minareli' translates to 'twin minaret' in Turkish, referring to the two minarets that flank the entrance of the medrese. It is one of the best examples of Seljuk architecture in Turkey, with its intricate stonework and geometric patterns adorning the facade.

The medrese was used as a school for Islamic theology and law for centuries, but it fell into disrepair in the early 20th century. In 1960, the Turkish government began a restoration project to preserve the historical significance of the building. Today, the medrese serves as a museum and cultural center, displaying artifacts from the Seljuk era and hosting exhibitions and events. It is a popular tourist destination in Erzurum, attracting visitors from around the world who come to marvel at its impressive architecture and rich history.

Lake Beşgöller

Beşgöller is a natural wonder located in Erzurum. Beşgöller means 'five lakes' in Turkish, and it refers to a group of five small lakes situated at an altitude of 2,500 meters above sea level. The lakes are surrounded by majestic mountains, lush green forests, and picturesque meadows, making it a popular destination for nature enthusiasts and adventure seekers. Each of the five lakes has its own unique beauty and charm, and visitors can hike, camp, fish, or simply relax and soak in the natural beauty of the area.

Beşgöller region is also home to a diverse range of flora and fauna, including numerous bird species, wild boars, and brown bears. The area is protected as a nature reserve, and visitors are required to follow strict guidelines to ensure the preservation of the natural ecosystem. Overall, Erzurum Beşgöller is a must-visit destination for anyone looking to experience the breathtaking beauty of Turkey's natural landscapes and immerse themselves in the tranquility and serenity of the great outdoors.

Three Cupolas

Three Cupolas is a unique historical monument located in Erzurum. It is a religious structure that dates back to the Seljuk period, specifically to the 12th century. The structure consists of three cupolas that are connected by two cylindrical sections. The central dome is larger than the two others and is supported by eight columns. The exterior of the monument is decorated with ornate brickwork and intricate carvings, showcasing the impressive craftsmanship of the Seljuk artisans.

Three Cupolas is an architectural masterpiece that represents the artistry and creativity of the Seljuk period. The structure has been well-preserved over the centuries, and visitors can still marvel at its intricate design and details. The monument has been recognized as a symbol of Erzurum and has become an important tourist attraction in the region. Its historical and cultural significance make it a must-see destination for anyone interested in history, architecture, and religious monuments.

Narman Fairy Chimneys

Narman Fairy Chimneys are unique natural wonders located in the Narman district of Erzurum. These unusual geological formations were formed over thousands of years by the combination of volcanic activity and erosion. The fairy chimneys are tall and narrow, with a mushroom-like shape, and can reach heights of up to 10 meters. They are made of a soft tuff rock that has been eroded over time by the wind and rain, leaving behind these striking formations.

The area surrounding the Narman Fairy Chimneys is also home to a number of other natural and cultural attractions. The nearby Erzurum city, known for its rich history and culture, is only a short drive away. Visitors can explore the ancient mosques, museums, and bazaars of the city, as well as enjoy traditional Turkish cuisine. The Narman region is also known for its thermal springs and spas, making it a popular destination for those seeking relaxation and wellness. The combination of natural wonders and cultural attractions make Narman Fairy Chimneys a must-see destination for visitors to Turkey.

Erzurum is known not only for its stunning natural beauty and rich cultural heritage but also for its delicious culinary delights.

The city's unique blend of Turkish, Armenian, and Georgian influences has resulted in a diverse and flavorful cuisine that is sure to tantalize the taste buds of any food lover. From hearty meat dishes to sweet pastries, Erzurum offers a wide range of dishes that are sure to satisfy any craving. Here are some of the must-try dishes that you should not miss during your visit to this beautiful city.

Ayran Aşı Soup

Ayran Aşı soup is a popular dish in Turkey, particularly in Erzurum. It is made from yogurt, flour, water, and a variety of herbs such as mint, dill, and parsley. The ingredients are mixed together and cooked over low heat to create a thick and creamy soup. Ayran Aşı soup is served both hot and cold. and it is a delicious and nutritious dish that is a must-try for anyone visiting Erzurum.

Lor Dolması

Lor dolması is a traditional dish originating from Erzurum province. It consists of small pieces of dough filled with lor cheese, which is a Turkish type of curd cheese made from sheep's milk. The cheese is mixed with herbs such as parsley, mint, and dill, as well as onions and spices. The dough is then boiled and served hot, usually with a tomato-based sauce on top. Erzurum lor dolması is a popular and delicious dish that is a must-try for any visitor to the region.

Cağ Kebab

Cağ Kebab is a famous local dish that originated in Erzurum. The dish is made using lamb meat, which is marinated in spices and then cooked on a vertical spit over an open flame. The meat is slowly roasted for several hours, resulting in a tender and juicy kebab that is packed with flavor. Cağ kebab is typically served with lavash bread, grilled tomatoes, and onions. Cağ Kebab is a must-try dish for anyone visiting Erzurum, as it is a true representation of the region's culinary heritage.

Gliko

Gliko is a traditional Erzurum dish. It is made from bulgur  that has been boiled and mixed with finely chopped onions, tomato paste, and spices such as cumin and red pepper flakes. The mixture is then kneaded together and formed into small, bite-sized balls that are served cold as an appetizer or side dish. Erzurum Bulgur Köftesi is a healthy and delicious option for vegetarians and meat-eaters alike, and it is often served with yogurt or fresh herbs for added flavor.

Hıngel

Hıngel  is a traditional dish from Erzurum. It consists of small dumplings filled with seasoned minced lamb or beef and cooked in a tomato-based sauce with peppers, onions, and spices. The dish is typically served hot and topped with garlic yogurt and melted butter. Hıngel  is a popular comfort food in Erzurum and can be found in many local restaurants and cafes. The combination of tender dumplings, rich sauce, and creamy yogurt makes this dish a delicious and satisfying meal that is sure to warm you up on a cold day.

Kete

Kete is a traditional pastry that is native to the Erzurum region in Turkey. It is made by layering thin sheets of dough and butter, which are then baked in a stone oven until they become crispy and golden. The pastry is usually served with a variety of toppings, such as cheese, herbs, and spices, and is often enjoyed with tea or ayran, a yogurt-based drink. Erzurum kete is a popular snack and can be found in bakeries and street vendors throughout the city. Its unique taste and texture make it a must-try dish for anyone visiting Erzurum.

Kadayıf Dolması

Kadayıf Dolması is a delicious dessert made from shredded kadayıf dough stuffed with sweetened walnuts or pistachios and baked until golden brown. The dough is first soaked in a simple syrup made from sugar, water, and lemon juice, which adds a sweet and tangy flavor to the dessert. Once baked, the dessert is garnished with crushed pistachios and served warm. The combination of crunchy kadayıf dough and sweet, nutty filling makes  Kadayıf Dolması a beloved dessert in Turkey, especially in Erzurum where it originated.