Istanbul’s Historical Peninsula in 2 Days: A Complete Travel Guide

08.08.2025 - 18:49

The Historic Peninsula, Istanbul's oldest and most historically rich district, is home to the city's most important cultural and architectural treasures. The Historic Peninsula travel guide has been prepared for those who want to explore Istanbul in the most efficient way in a short period of two days. This guide provides all the important points and tips you need to consider when planning a two-day trip to Istanbul's Historic Peninsula. So, what to do in Istanbul in 2 days? Let's explore together!

Day 1: Sultanahmet and Surroundings - The Historical Heart of Istanbul

Begin Your Journey Through History at the Hagia Sophia Museum

The starting point of your tour of the historic peninsula is undoubtedly the Hagia Sophia. Built as a church by Emperor Justinian in 537, the Hagia Sophia held the title of the world's largest church for nearly a thousand years. Converted into a mosque by the Ottomans in 1453, it was turned into a museum in 1935 and reopened as a mosque for worship in 2020. Visitors can see Byzantine mosaics, a massive dome and magnificent architectural details in the areas open to the public. Visiting Hagia Sophia early in the morning allows you to avoid the crowds and helps you experience the mystical atmosphere inside more comfortably.

Blue Mosque (Sultanahmet Mosque) Visit

Located just a few steps away from Hagia Sophia, be sure to visit the Sultanahmet Mosque, known among the people as the ‘Blue Mosque.’ Built between 1609 and 1616 by Sultan Ahmed I, the mosque is famous for its more than 20,000 hand-made Iznik tiles on the interior walls. The mosque is not only notable for its architecture but also for its spacious courtyard and six minarets. Taking photos and soaking in the spiritual atmosphere alongside worshippers is one of the most historic experiences in Istanbul.

Ottoman Splendour at Topkapı Palace

Topkapı Palace, one of the largest and richest sites on the Historic Peninsula, was the administrative centre of the Ottoman sultans from the 15th century until 1856. The palace complex includes numerous courtyards, harems, treasuries, sacred relics and magnificent gardens. The sacred relics section is particularly popular due to the items believed to belong to the Prophet Muhammad. It is recommended that you allow at least 3 hours to visit Topkapı Palace. Renting an audio guide at the entrance will help you learn more about the history.

Lunch Recommendations

The Sultanahmet area is home to many traditional Turkish cuisine restaurants that are popular with both tourists and locals. Sultanahmet Köftecisi, in particular, is famous for its delicious meatballs. Additionally, classic Turkish dishes such as lentil soup, dried beans, and hünkar beğendi can be tasted at the small restaurants in the area. If you prefer something lighter, street foods like simit and tea can be enjoyed at any time of the day.

The Mysticism of the Basilica Cistern

One of Istanbul's most mysterious structures, the Basilica Cistern was built in the 6th century during the reign of Emperor Justinian. This underground water reservoir, supported by 336 columns and covering an area of approximately 9,800 square metres, met the water needs of the Byzantine Empire. Today, it offers visitors a mystical atmosphere illuminated by lights. The ‘Medusa Heads’ inside the cistern are particularly popular for photography. This historic site is perfect for both cooling off and delving into the depths of history.

Hippodrome Square Historical Remains

Located between Hagia Sophia and the Blue Mosque, Hippodrome Square served as a stadium for horse races during the Roman and Byzantine periods. Today, there are three important monuments from Rome in the square: the Egyptian Obelisk, the Serpent Column and the German Fountain. These works are important historical symbols that show how Istanbul has been influenced by different civilisations. You can witness the layered history of Istanbul by taking a short walk around the Hippodrome.

Day 2: Eminönü, Grand Bazaar and Süleymaniye Area

Starting from Sirkeci Station to Eminönü

The second day of your tour of the Historic Peninsula should begin at the bustling and commercial Eminönü Square. The easiest way to get there is to walk from Sirkeci Station, the oldest train station in the Historic Peninsula. Sirkeci Station is significant both for its architecture and for being the final stop in Istanbul for the Orient Express during the Ottoman period.

Spice and Lokum Delights at the Spice Bazaar

The Spice Bazaar, one of the most colourful and authentic spots in Eminönü, is an Ottoman merchant bazaar built in 1660. Inside the bazaar, you can find Turkish spices, fresh lokum, dried nuts, and natural medicinal products. Shopping here amidst the aroma of spices is a wonderful way to experience Istanbul's traditional trade life. You can take a short break at the small cafes in the bazaar and enjoy a cup of Turkish coffee.

Shopping and Atmosphere in the Grand Bazaar

The Grand Bazaar, the most visited and largest shopping centre in the Historic Peninsula, is the world's largest covered market with approximately 61 streets and 4,000 shops. Here you can find handmade carpets, jewellery, antiques, textiles and souvenirs. Bargaining is common while walking around the Grand Bazaar, which makes shopping a unique experience. With its architecture and lively atmosphere, the Grand Bazaar is an important part of Istanbul's cultural and commercial life.

Panoramic View of Istanbul from Süleymaniye Mosque

One of Mimar Sinan's most important works, the Süleymaniye Mosque is among the must-see buildings in Istanbul's Historic Peninsula. Built between 1550 and 1557, the mosque is one of the pinnacles of Ottoman architecture. From the mosque courtyard, you can enjoy a panoramic view of Istanbul. You can also take a break at the small cafes near the mosque, savouring both the view and the tranquillity.

End Your Trip with a Bosphorus Tour

You can end your trip with one of the short Bosphorus tours departing from Eminönü. These tours, which last approximately 1-2 hours, allow you to admire the unique silhouette of the Historic Peninsula and the Bosphorus from the sea. Especially on evening tours, watching the colourful spectacle of the sunset over the Bosphorus is mesmerising. This experience will be the final touch that makes your trip to Istanbul unforgettable.

Istanbul Historical Peninsula 2-Day Tour

The Istanbul Historical Peninsula 2-day tour offers a route rich in history, culture and architecture. On the first day, you will visit places bearing traces of the Ottoman and Byzantine empires, such as Hagia Sophia, Sultanahmet Mosque, Topkapi Palace, Yerebatan Cistern and Hippodrome. On the second day, visitors can explore Istanbul's commercial and religious life by visiting Eminönü, the Spice Bazaar, the Grand Bazaar, and the Süleymaniye Mosque. The tour concludes with a Bosphorus cruise, offering a different perspective of the Historical Peninsula.