Istanbul is a fascinating city that has been home to many civilisations throughout history, with every corner shaped by traces of the past. One of the most magnificent reflections of this rich heritage, mosques serve not only as places of worship but also as architectural masterpieces and carriers of cultural heritage. Scattered throughout the different neighbourhoods of the city, these unique structures offer visitors an unforgettable experience where history and aesthetics intertwine.
Must-See Mosques in Istanbul: A Guide to the City’s Religious Architecture
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1. Hagia Sophia-i Kebir Mosque Sherifi
Hagia Sophia, one of the symbols of Istanbul, was built as a church by Byzantine Emperor Justinian I in 537. It was converted into a mosque in 1453, became a museum in 1935, and resumed serving as a mosque in 2020. Its main dome is 31 metres in diameter and stands 55 metres high. The interior features both Byzantine mosaics and Ottoman calligraphy. Its four minarets were added in different periods. Located in Sultanahmet Square, the mosque is easily accessible by tram and can be visited free of charge outside prayer hours.
2. The Blue Mosque (Sultanahmet Camii)
Built between 1609-1616 by architect Sedefkâr Mehmed Ağa on the orders of Sultan Ahmed I, this mosque is known as the 'Blue Mosque' thanks to its blue-toned Iznik tiles. It is a unique structure featuring six minarets. The interior boasts more than 20,000 tiles and 260 windows, creating a spacious environment illuminated by natural light. Located directly opposite Hagia Sophia, the mosque offers a calmer atmosphere when visited early in the morning.
3. Süleymaniye Mosque
The Süleymaniye Mosque, which Mimar Sinan referred to as 'my journeyman work', was built by Suleiman the Magnificent between 1550-1557. Its main dome is 53 metres high and 27.5 metres in diameter. The mosque, attracting attention with its four minarets and ten balconies, includes structures such as madrasahs, hospitals, libraries, and baths. The mosque in the Fatih district can be reached on foot from Beyazıt-Kapalıçarşı station, where visitors can enjoy the view of the Golden Horn and the Bosphorus from its courtyard.
4. Fatih Mosque
Built by Fatih Sultan Mehmet between 1463 and 1470 on the site of the former Church of the Apostles, this mosque was rebuilt after the great earthquake of 1766. It is an exemplary work of classical Ottoman architecture with its two minarets and central dome. Its complex includes a madrasah, library, hospital, and imaret. In its courtyard lie the tombs of Fatih Sultan Mehmet and his wife, Gülbahar Hatun. Situated in the Ali Kuşçu neighbourhood, the mosque is easily accessible by public transportation.
5. Eyüp Sultan Mosque
Eyüp Sultan Mosque, built on the grave of Abu Eyyub al-Ansari, a companion of the Prophet Muhammad, was constructed in 1458 and has undergone numerous restorations over time. Merging Baroque and Ottoman architecture, the mosque stands out with its spiritual atmosphere. The companion's tomb resides in the courtyard. The mosque in the Eyüp district can be reached by bus or cable car. After visiting, one can ascend to Pierre Loti Hill and enjoy the view of the Golden Horn.
6. Mihrimah Sultan Mosque
Constructed by Sinan the Architect on behalf of Mihrimah Sultan, the daughter of Suleiman the Magnificent, the mosque exists in two locations: one in Edirnekapi and the other in Üsküdar. The Edirnekapı mosque is remarkable for its high dome and large windows, while the Üsküdar mosque stands out for its elegant seaside structure. Both mosques can be visited outside prayer hours. The mosque in Üsküdar is within walking distance of the pier, while the one in Edirnekapı is very close to the city walls.
7. Ortaköy Mosque (Büyük Mecidiye Mosque)
Constructed in 1853 by Sultan Abdülmecid, this mosque is one of the most photogenic buildings in Istanbul, featuring Baroque architecture and situated on the Bosphorus. Built by Nigoğos Balyan, a member of the Balyan family, the mosque's large windows allow ample light into the interior. Located in Ortaköy Square in the Beşiktaş district, the mosque is accessible by sea or bus. After your visit, you can sample local flavours such as kumpir or waffles in the neighbourhood.
8. Molla Zeyrek Mosque
Originally part of the Byzantine Pantocrator Monastery complex, this building was converted into a mosque and madrasah by Molla Zeyrek after the conquest. It is one of the rare buildings that preserves both Byzantine and Ottoman features. The interior apse and domed structures remain intact. Restoration work was largely completed in the 2000s. Located very close to the Bozdoğan Arch, the mosque offers a serene atmosphere away from the crowds. Historical restaurants such as Zeyrekhane are also nearby.
9. Şemsi Pasha Mosque
Constructed in 1580 by Mimar Sinan in honour of Şemsi Ahmed Pasha, the mosque is located very close to the sea on the Üsküdar coast. Despite its small size, it captivates with its elegant and balanced architecture. It forms part of a complex consisting of a madrasah, a mausoleum, and a courtyard. The mosque, which became a symbol of wisdom and elegance during the Ottoman period, is reputed to be “the mosque where the seagulls don't land.” It is easily accessible due to its proximity to the Üsküdar Ferry Pier. In the morning, visitors can feel the Bosphorus breeze while enjoying Ottoman history publications in the nearby bookstores.
10. Yavuz Sultan Selim Mosque
Constructed by Suleiman the Magnificent in memory of his father, Yavuz Sultan Selim, this mosque was completed in 1522. Located on Hill 5, one of the seven hills of Istanbul, it offers an impressive view overlooking the Golden Horn. In the courtyard, the mosque, known for its simple architecture and durable stonework, contains Yavuz Sultan Selim's tomb. Situated in the Fatih district, the mosque is very close to Balat. With its tranquil setting and panoramic view, it is an ideal spot for photographers.