Top 5 Hiking Routes in Turkey Combining History and Nature

Ömer Faruk Kino
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Turkey, with its geography spanning three distinct climate zones, its millennia-old historical heritage, and its breathtaking mountain-sea panoramas, is home to some of the world's richest trekking routes. Trekking trails in Turkey are among the most diverse trails in the world. The ancient paths along the Mediterranean coast, the misty peaks of the Black Sea, the rugged passes of the Taurus Mountains, and the thyme-scented trails of the Aegean offer a unique experience for both local and foreign nature lovers. So, what are the best trekking trails in Turkey? Where to go for hiking in Turkey? Let's explore the ancient trails that bring together nature and history!

1. The Lycian Way – The Legend Stretching from the Mediterranean Coast to the Summit

Overview:

Approximately 760 kilometres long, the Lycian Way stretches from the village of Ovacık in Fethiye to the Geyikbayırı region of Antalya. Marked by Kate Clow, this trail, which bears traces of the ancient Lycian civilisation, became one of Turkey's first long-distance hiking trails.

Getting to the Lycian Way:

  • The nearest airport to the western starting point (Ovacık) is Dalaman. Minibuses run from Fethiye town centre to Ovacık.

  • For the eastern endpoint (Antalya), city transport and airport connections are easy.

Why Choose the Lycian Way?

  • Ancient cities: The ruins of Patara, Xanthos, Letoon, Olympos and Phaselis.

  • Spectacular scenery: Turquoise coves, cedar and pine forests, the foothills of the Taurus Mountains.

  • Cultural experience: Village guesthouses, local cuisine, hospitable locals.

Difficulty and Season:

The route is of medium to difficult level, as some sections pass through steep slopes and rocky terrain. Spring (April–May) and autumn (September–October) are the most suitable times due to balanced temperatures.

Accommodation:

Guesthouses, campsites and boutique hotels are common along the route. Campsites and bungalows are popular around Ovacık, Faralya, Kabak and Kaş.

Details About the Lycian Way

Natural Features and Flora-Fauna of the Lycian Way:

The region, influenced by the Mediterranean climate, features rich maquis vegetation and widespread pine and cedar forests. Especially in spring, the blossoming of olive trees, combined with the scent of orange and laurel, creates a unique atmosphere. Being on bird migration routes, it is also ideal for bird watching.

History and Culture of the Lycian Way:

Ancient cities belonging to the Lycian civilisation, such as Patara, Xanthos, and Olympos, are the most impressive stops along the route. The Xanthos–Letoon complex, listed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site, enhances the historical texture of the route.

Tips for the Lycian Way: The ideal hiking season is between April–June and September–October. The hot weather and high humidity in summer can be challenging. Accommodation options along the route include guesthouses, small boutique hotels, and campsites.

Source: GoTürkiye

2. St. Paul's Way – From Ancient Roman Roads to the Taurus Mountains

Overview:

A 500-kilometre route starting in Antalya, crossing the Taurus Mountains and ending in Isparta–Yalvaç. Based on St. Paul's travel route through Anatolia, this path combines history and nature.

Getting to St. Paul's Way:

  • For the southern starting point, Antalya Airport. Minibus and bus options from Perge Ancient City and Antalya city centre.

  • The northern endpoint, Isparta/Yalvaç, is accessible by intercity bus and minibus.

Why Choose St. Paul's Way?

  • Ancient traces: Perge, Adada, Sagalassos ruins.

  • Natural wonders: Köprülü Canyon, the shores of Lake Eğirdir, and cedar forests.

  • Authentic experiences: Accommodation in Taurus villages, village breakfasts, and traditional fabrics.

Difficulty and Season:

The higher stages of the Taurus Mountains can be challenging; some areas exceed 2,000 metres. Spring and autumn are ideal for both cool temperatures and the vibrancy of nature.

Accommodation:

Along the route, there are village houses, guesthouses, and camping areas in some segments. Boutique hotels are common around Lake Eğirdir.

Source: Fulya Pension

Details About St. Paul's Way

Nature and Climate of St. Paul's Way:

As you ascend the foothills of the Taurus Mountains, the influence of the continental climate becomes noticeable. The cool mountain air in summer and the mild weather conditions in spring and autumn enhance the comfort of hiking.

Cultural Elements of St. Paul's Way:

Roman roads, stone bridges, traditional village settlements, and religious structures bearing the traces of Saint Paul are important stops along the route.

Tips for St. Paul's Way:

Due to the long stages and rural areas, good route planning and securing water and food supplies are essential. Spring is the most appealing season in terms of nature, flowering, and greenery.

Source: Nafi Durmuş

3. The Karia (Carian) Trail – The Aegean's Longest Distance Trail

Overview:

Exceeding 850 kilometres, the Karia Trail is one of Turkey's longest walking routes. It spans the provinces of Muğla and Aydın, encompassing some of the Aegean's most beautiful coastal towns such as Bodrum, Datça, Bozburun and Gökova.

Getting to the Karia (Karya) Trail:

  • Accessible via Bodrum–Milas Airport or Dalaman Airport.

  • Local minibuses and coastal roads facilitate stage transitions.

Why Choose the Karia (Karya) Trail?

  • Coastal beauty: The unspoilt coves of the Datça and Bozburun peninsulas.

  • History & culture: The ancient ruins of Knidos, Amos and Hydas.

  • Natural wealth: Thyme-scented hills, olive groves, panoramic views of the Gökova Bay.

Difficulty and Season:

Generally moderate; temperatures can be challenging in coastal areas during summer. Spring (March–May) and autumn (September–November) are the most comfortable times for walking.

Accommodation:

Guesthouses and boutique hotels in coastal towns; camping and some village houses are preferable in rural sections.

Source: Zeynep İrem

Details About the Karia (Carian) Trail

Natural and Scenic Features of the Karia (Carian) Trail:

Walking amidst the olive groves, pine forests, beaches and turquoise coves of the Aegean is a great advantage. The coves on the Datça peninsula offer unique opportunities for campers.

History and Culture of the Karia (Carian) Trail:

The ancient city of Knidos, dating back to the Carian civilisation, Kaunos, and numerous ancient harbour ruins make this route appealing to history enthusiasts.

Tips for the Karia (Carian) Trail:

Thanks to the Aegean climate, April–June and September–November are the most suitable times. High temperatures and humidity in the summer months may reduce performance.

Source: Rest on the way

4. Kaçkar Mountains Crossing – The Black Sea Summit Hike

Overview:

Kaçkar Mountains National Park, located between the provinces of Rize and Artvin, is Turkey's mountaineering and trekking paradise with its rich flora and fauna. The Olgunlar–Dilberdüzü–Naletleme Pass–Kavrun route is one of the most popular crossings.

Getting to the Kaçkar Mountains Crossing:

  • Minibuses run on the Rize–Çamlıhemşin–Ayder Plateau route.

  • Olgunlar village can be reached from Artvin/Yusufeli via Erzurum or Artvin.

Why Choose the Kaçkar Mountains Crossing?

  • Glacial lakes and plateaus: Dilberdüzü, Deniz Lake, Kavrun Plateau.

  • Panoramic views: Sea of fog, flower-filled alpine meadows, endemic vegetation.

  • Mountaineering opportunities: Kaçkar peak (3,932 m) appeals to experienced mountaineers.

Difficulty and Season:

Intermediate to advanced level due to high altitude, sudden weather changes, and technical terrain conditions. July–September is the safest period when the snow cover has largely melted.

Accommodation:

Guesthouses and mountain huts around Ayder Plateau and Olgunlar; camping is mandatory during the crossing.

Source: Muhtar Abi

Details About the Kaçkar Mountains Crossing

Natural Features of the Kaçkar Mountains:

It is renowned for its high-altitude plateaus, glacial lakes, waterfalls and dense forest cover. Peaks exceeding 3,900 metres offer technical climbing opportunities for mountaineers.

Flora and Fauna of the Kaçkar Mountains:

The Kaçkar Mountains are unique in terms of biological diversity, with over 2,000 plant species. Alpine meadows, forest roses and endemic flowers are common. Mountain goats, bears and predatory bird species enrich the region's fauna.

Highland Culture and History of the Kaçkar Mountains:

Traditional wooden architecture, local dairy products, and the nomadic lifestyle are still evident in the highlands. Highland festivals during the summer months offer colourful scenes.

Tips for the Kaçkar Mountains Crossing:

The best time to visit is between July and September. Be prepared for sudden weather changes and the risk of fog. Local guide support enhances safety for technical challenges.

Source: Munfali

5. Aladağlar National Park – The Alpine Garden of the Central Taurus Mountains

Overview:

Spanning the provinces of Niğde, Kayseri and Adana, the Aladağlar are one of Turkey's highest mountain ranges with an alpine character. Demirkazık (3,756 m), the Yedigöller Plateau and Emli Valley are the park's most prominent areas.

Getting to Aladağlar National Park:

  • From Kayseri or Adana airports, take the road to Niğde/Çamardı–Çukurbağ village.

  • The Sokulupınar and Emli Valley campsites are the starting points for the Yedigöller routes.

Why Choose Aladağlar National Park?

  • Alpine nature: High peaks, glacial lakes, deep valleys.

  • Camping experience: Lakeside camping on the Yedigöller plateau, mountaineering routes.

  • Rich fauna: Wild goats, eagles, and rare plant species.

Difficulty and Season:

June–September, when snow has receded and weather conditions are favourable for hiking. The trail is intermediate to advanced due to high altitude and steep sections.

Accommodation:

Camping in the valleys, guesthouse options in villages. Local guide support is recommended for mountaineering plans.

Source: Cahit Çelik

Details About Aladağlar National Park

Natural Features of Aladağlar National Park:

The Aladağlar Mountains stand out with their limestone peaks, steep valleys, glacial lakes and high-altitude plateaus. Alpine meadows and rich mountain flora create a riot of colour in the summer season.

Climbing and Trekking in Aladağlar National Park :

The Yedigöller plateau is suitable for both camping and day hikes. Demirkazık is a summit destination for those seeking a technical climbing experience.

Flora and Fauna of Aladağlar National Park :

Wild goats, birds of prey and endemic plant species can be observed in the Aladağlar. The flora, which varies according to altitude and season, enters its flowering period in early summer.

Tips for Aladağlar National Park:

The period between late June and September, after the snow melts, is ideal. Be prepared for the difference between night and day temperatures due to the continental climate.

Source: MUSTAFA TOR

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