As the capital of Turkey, Ankara serves not only as a political centre but also as a city rich in historical and cultural heritage. Located in the heart of Anatolia, this city has witnessed the founding of modern Turkey and has been home to numerous civilisations. Ankara provides visitors the chance to both trace the remnants of the past and experience contemporary Turkish life. So, where is the capital of Turkey? What to see in Ankara? What to do in Ankara? And what to eat in Ankara? Let's explore together👇
What Is the Capital of Turkey? Everything You Need to Know About Ankara
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History of Ankara: From Ancient Times to Modern Times
Ankara's history dates back to ancient times. The city bears the marks of many civilisations, including the Hittites, Phrygians, Lydians, Persians, Galatians, Romans, Byzantines, and Seljuks. Known as “Ankyra” particularly during the Galatian period, it became a significant centre during the Roman Empire. In the Ottoman period, Ankara emerged as Anatolia's important trade and cultural hub.
The Process of Ankara's Becoming the Capital
When Mustafa Kemal Atatürk arrived in Ankara with his delegation on December 27, 1919, the city became the focal point of the National Struggle. On April 23, 1920, with the opening of the Grand National Assembly of Turkey in Ankara, the city became the de facto capital. Following the Lausanne Peace Treaty, Ankara officially became the capital of the Republic of Turkey with the law adopted by the Turkish Grand National Assembly on October 13, 1923.
Reasons why Ankara became the capital
Several key factors influenced the choice of Ankara as the capital:
Strategic Location: Situated in the middle of Anatolia, Ankara was equidistant from the fronts, making it advantageous for transportation.
Security: The occupation of Istanbul and its defence challenges rendered Ankara a safer option.
Political Symbolism: As a symbol of a new beginning and a modern state, Ankara was seen as an appropriate choice for the capital.
Mustafa Kemal Atatürk said:
“All thoughts were united in the necessity of choosing the capital of the New Turkey in Anatolia and the city of Ankara.”
Places to Visit and Cultural Heritage in Ankara
Anıtkabir: Anıtkabir is the mausoleum of Mustafa Kemal Atatürk, the founder of the Republic of Turkey. Located in Çankaya district, Anıtkabir was started to be built in 1944 and completed in 1953. It consists of sections such as Anıtkabir, Peace Park, Lion Road, Ceremony Square and Atatürk & War of Independence Museum.
Ankara Castle: Ankara Castle, one of the oldest buildings in Ankara, is one of the places that best reflect the historical texture of the city. You can take a journey to the past with the historical houses, narrow streets and antique shops in the castle. Also, the panoramic view of Ankara from the castle offers an unforgettable experience.
Museum of Anatolian Civilisations: The Museum of Anatolian Civilisations houses many historical artefacts found in Anatolia, starting from the Palaeolithic Age. The museum is housed in the Mahmutpaşa Bedesten and Kurşunlu Han, which date back to the Ottoman period. It is open to visitors every day of the week between 08:30 - 19:00.
Atakule: Atakule is a 125-meter-high observation and communication tower located in the Çankaya district of Ankara. Opened in 1989, the tower can be seen from almost anywhere in the city. There is a revolving restaurant and an observation terrace at the top of the tower.
Ethnography Museum: This museum, where many artefacts of Turkish culture are exhibited, reflects traditional life.
Kocatepe Mosque: This mosque, which attracts attention with its modern architecture, is one of the important religious buildings of Ankara.
Eating, Drinking and Accommodation Suggestions in Ankara
Ankara boasts delicious examples of both traditional and modern cuisine:
Ankara Tava: This tasty dish, prepared with lamb and rice, is one of the city's most well-known local flavours.
Beypazari Güveci: A dish consisting of meat and vegetables cooked in a clay pot, it is especially famous in the Beypazari district.
Beypazari Kurusu: Known for its crunchy texture, this cookie is a staple during tea hours.
In terms of accommodation, Ankara offers options suitable for every budget. The Kizilay, Cankaya, and Ulus regions provide a variety of hotels and hostels.
Transportation and Travel Tips in Ankara
Ankara is well-developed in terms of transportation:
Urban Transportation: You can conveniently travel within the city using the metro, bus, and minibus lines.
Transportation to the City: Esenboğa Airport provides air travel to Ankara, with additional road and rail options available.
In the city, you can use the public transportation card “Ankarakart.”